Cardboard Pinhole Camera Pdf Free Download Programs

Before you read on, take a good look at the figure below to get an idea of what you’ll be doing with the box. • Using transparent tape, attach the sheets of white paper to the inside front wall of the box (the side you’ll be facing when your head is in the box). This is your viewing screen. With a pencil or marker, mark this side of the box on the outside. • Seal the whole box shut with duct tape. • Use the utility knife to cut a hole in the bottom of the box through which you can just barely fit your head (see photo below).

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Position the hole so that the back of your head will rest against the wall opposite the screen. • Hold up the box up to the light and look in through the newly cut head hole (see photo below). Other than the head hole itself, all corners and seams should be sealed against light leakage.

If there are light leaks, cover them with duct tape on the outside of the box. You may need multiple layers of tape.

• Cut a small hole, 1.5 inches (4 cm) square, in the side of the box opposite the screen. The hole should be at least 4 inches (10 cm) above where the back of your head will be located when it’s inside the box. (See the diagram above to ensure proper location of this hole.) • Cut a flat square of aluminum foil large enough to cover the square hole you made in Step 5. • Place the square of foil over the square hole and, using masking tape, tape along all four sides to prevent light leakage (see left photo below). Tape along the edges only; don’t place any tape over the center of the foil square (see right photo below).

• Use the pushpin to poke a single pinhole in the center of the aluminum foil, and that’s it: You’ve built your own Personal Pinhole Theater. On a bright, sunny day, take your Personal Pinhole Theater and dark fabric outside. Put your head into the box, positioned so you’re facing the screen. Wrap the fabric around your neck to keep light from leaking into the box from the bottom (see left photo below). The photo on the right below shows a 'cutaway' of the interior of the box. As your eyes adjust to the dim surroundings (this might take a few minutes), notice if anything appears on the screen.

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When images do appear, notice their orientation. Are they right side up, or upside down? Are they left-right reversed, or normal? Carefully move around and notice how the image on the screen changes. Try to position yourself so that two similar objects at different distances away (such as two cars) cast their images on the screen at the same time. Which image is larger?

Are both images sharp and in focus at the same time? After you’ve had a chance to use your Personal Pinhole Theater for a while, try enlarging the pinhole by carefully poking a pencil point through until it’s about half to two-thirds the diameter of the pencil (see photo below). What happens to the image on the screen?

If you want to go back to the small hole, just remove the square of foil and tape on a new one. Poke another pinhole and you’re ready to go again. Iit maths by ml khanna pdf download pdf.

Your Personal Pinhole Theater is actually a giant camera obscura (Italian for “dark room”), or pinhole camera. Light rays from the sun reflect off every point on every object—including, say, a tree. The rays from the tree then hit the outside of the box, except where they can pass through the pinhole. Each light ray, in effect, carries an image of the point on the tree where it originated. The pinhole lets only a limited number of rays from each point pass through. The rays from each point are projected on a small area of the white viewing screen, without significant overlap from the images of the other points. The result is a clear image of the tree.

Any images on the screen are upside down and left-right reversed. (The diagram below shows how the up-down part of this reversal takes place; light rays from only three points are shown for clarity.) As you can see, the ray from the top of the tree passes through the pinhole and hits the lower portion of the screen. The ray from the bottom of the tree also passes through the pinhole, but hits the upper portion of the screen.

This geometry results in the image of the tree appearing upside down on the screen (and left-right reversed, as well). The farther an object is from the pinhole, the smaller its image will be on the screen (see the diagram below). The focus, or sharpness of the image, is not affected by distance. Using a larger pinhole gives you a brighter image, since it lets in more light, but increases the overlapping of images. The result is an image that’s lost its sharpness, becoming blurry. The photos below show the image inside a Personal Pinhole Theater pointed at the San Francisco skyline with increasing pinhole sizes.